Hakuin (白印, はくいん lit. “white seal”)

Intaglio seal. It produces a “hakubun” (白文, はくぶん, lit. “white text”; i.e. white characters on a red background). Shubun (朱文, しゅぶん, lit. “red text”) is the opposite of hakubun, as it leaves a seal imprint in relief, i.e. white (白) text (文). Hakubun represents the female side of the Universe “Yin” (陰, shadow), whereas shubun is its male counterpart known as “Yang” (陽, sun). Both types of seals (判子, はんこ, hanko) are commonly used in calligraphy. Please also refer to hanko.

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